Clifford K. Madsen, PhD is the Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor in the Center for Music Research in the College of Music at the Florida State University where he completed his doctorate and has served as a faculty member since 1961. His expertise is in experimental research in music and systematic observation and analysis concerning teacher effectiveness. His research interests are in perception and cognition having done a good deal of research in intonation and teacher effectiveness. Additionally he pioneered the use of the Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) to investigate aesthetic and emotional response to music. He is widely published in many scholarly journals and has authored and/or co-authored 13 books.